論文イントロマニュアル
基本構成（6パート）
典型的な構成：
- Big Picture（現象の提起）
- Key Attribute（特徴的な観察事実）
- Motivation（なぜ重要か／何が分かっていないか）
- Key Results（本論文の主な発見）
- Literature Review（位置づけ）
- Roadmap（構成案内）
スタイル
- 明快でダイレクトな表現（比喩・婉曲表現は少なめ）
- 短いパラグラフで論点を明示
- 実証・理論に関わらず、仮説検証型の語り口
- 政策的・社会的含意を明示するフレーズが多い
- 1パラ目はできるだけ”hook”がある
実践Tips
- 構造をテンプレ化して、最初は「型」を意識して書く
- “問い”を明確に据えることで読者の関心を引く
- Abstractとの整合性を保ちつつ、イントロの方がストーリー重視
- 専門的すぎない語彙で書き、査読者以外の読者にも読ませる意識を忘れずに
- 段落のはじめの一文で主張を言い切るのが重要
パラグラフ構成・長さのガイドライン（定量的テンプレ）
イントロ全体のボリューム感
- 全体の長さ：3〜5ページ（ダブルスペース、Times New Roman, 12pt換算）
- 段落数：おおよそ6〜8段落
- 各段落の行数：だいたい5〜10行（Wordsで換算）
各パートの段落配分（標準構成）
| パート | 内容 | 段落数 | 目安行数 | コメント |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ① Big Picture | 現象の導入、背景 | 1段落 | 6〜8行 | 強い”hook”があるとベスト |
| ② Key Attribute | 具体的な事実や異常なパターン | 1段落 | 5〜7行 | データやグラフを軽く紹介してもよい |
| ③ Motivation | 中心的な問いとギャップ提示 | 1〜2段落 | 8〜14行 | 最も論理的に力を入れる部分 |
| ④ Key Results | モデル・分析・主な発見 | 1〜2段落 | 8〜14行 | 結論めいたことも簡潔に書く |
| ⑤ Literature Review | 位置づけ、差別化 | 1〜2段落 | 8〜12行 | 関連文献をストランドごとに整理 |
| ⑥ Roadmap | 構成案内 | 1段落 | 4〜6行 | 省略されることもあるが基本は入れる |
補足
- 1パラ目（Big Picture）は特に重要：読者の関心を一気に引き込む“導火線”になる。
- Key Resultsは「First, Second, Third」などで明快に：箇条書きっぽく書いても論理が通る。
- Literature Reviewでは“差別化ポイント”を必ず入れる：“This paper differs by…”など。
- 段落のつなぎには接続句を自然に：“This observation raises…”, “In contrast,”, “While previous work…”
イントロ全体の構成イメージ
Paragraph 1: Big picture & hook
Paragraph 2: Key attribute (stylized fact)
Paragraph 3–4: Motivation and main question
Paragraph 5: Model overview and key results
Paragraph 6: Contribution to the literature
Paragraph 7: Roadmap of the paperイントロの構成要素①：「Big Picture」
典型構造（段落数・機能）
| 段落番号 | 内容の役割 | 構成要素 |
|---|---|---|
| 第1段落 | 現象の導入（big picture） | 背景事実の提示 / stylized factの紹介 |
| 第2段落 | 現象の解釈とギャップ・問いの導出 | 既存研究の限界 / Puzzleの導出 / 誘導的問い |
※ 論文によっては1段落に凝縮されるケースもあり（簡潔型）
行数と長さの目安
- 各段落：6〜12行（2カラムPDF換算）
- 最初の文は1行〜2行の簡潔な文で始める
- 後半にかけて構文が複雑になり、文の密度が増加する
よく使われる語彙・構文
文頭構文（hookの導入に使う）
- “There is now a large literature on …”
- “Over the past decades, …”
- “Recent decades have witnessed …”
- “A central question in [field] is …”
- “Historically, …”（歴史的背景から入るパターン）
stylized fact の提示
- “[Phenomenon] has increased significantly since …”
- “Despite reforms, [problem] persists in many countries.”
- “Existing trends suggest a puzzling pattern: …”
問いの誘導と導入
- “This fact raises an important question: …”
- “This observation is at odds with …”
- “Yet, it remains unclear why/how …”
- “Why does this occur?” / “What explains this?”
テンプレート本文例（書き換え可能な雛形）
段落1：Big Pictureの導入
There is now a large and influential literature on [broad topic]. Over the past few decades, [phenomenon] has become increasingly prevalent, with [specific empirical trend or historical fact]. For example, [stylized fact or example].
This development has generated both enthusiasm and concern. While some view it as [positive interpretation], others argue that it has exacerbated [problem or tension].
段落2：問題提起・ギャップ・問いの誘導
This trend raises an important question: [core question of the paper]. While existing theories have made progress in explaining [related issue], they often overlook [missing dimension / key friction]. Moreover, little is known about [specific puzzle relevant to your paper].
Understanding this issue is particularly important because [why it matters: policy, theory, broader debates].
使用例（簡略版）
A central question in development economics is why some countries achieve sustained growth while others remain trapped in poverty. Despite similar initial conditions, trajectories have diverged dramatically over the past half century. For example, while country A has experienced rapid industrialization, country B has stagnated.
This pattern raises a puzzle: why do some economies capitalize on reform while others fail? Existing theories emphasize institutions and capital accumulation, but they struggle to explain the timing and persistence of these divergent paths. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing…
イントロの「Big Picture」パートの穴埋めテンプレート（2段落・各12行）
段落1：現象の導入とStylized Factの提示（12行）
Over the past [number] years, there has been growing attention to [broad phenomenon or policy shift].
This is particularly evident in [region/country context], where [notable trend or reform] has taken place.
For example, [specific reform or event] marked a turning point in [economic or political outcome].
Despite such efforts, [persistent issue] continues to shape the landscape in unexpected ways.
Data from [source or time period] show that [stylized fact #1], while [contrast fact #2].
This juxtaposition reveals a puzzling dynamic: [succinct statement of contradiction].
Several countries have followed similar trajectories, yet the outcomes differ substantially.
One notable instance is [country A vs. country B], where [divergent pattern].
While some scholars argue that [optimistic interpretation], others warn of [concern].
These contrasting perspectives underscore a central tension in [field of study].
Why do seemingly similar policies yield such heterogeneous outcomes?
This question forms the starting point of our inquiry.
段落2：問いの導出と既存研究の限界提示（12行）
Existing research has sought to explain these patterns through the lens of [dominant theory].
This literature emphasizes [key mechanism or institutional factor], which indeed captures part of the story.
However, it often neglects [friction, constraint, or empirical observation] that may be crucial in many contexts.
In particular, little is known about how [specific mechanism or interaction] contributes to these outcomes.
This omission is especially salient in [region/country], where [policy/economic feature] plays a central role.
Moreover, the existing evidence tends to rely on [methodology or assumption], which limits its applicability.
As a result, we lack a coherent framework to assess [specific outcome or puzzle].
This paper seeks to fill that gap by focusing on [core research question].
We ask: [precise, one-sentence research question].
To answer this, we combine [data/method] with a model that incorporates [key feature].
Our approach enables a systematic evaluation of [mechanism or counterfactual].
Ultimately, we aim to shed new light on [broader implications or theoretical contribution].